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Safety and Health Topics: |
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| Carbofuran |
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General Description
Synonyms: 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl ester methyl carbamic acid; 2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl Methyl Carbamate; Crisfuran®; Furacarb®; Furadan®; Pillarfuran®; Yalox®
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0526
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 1563-66-2
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: FB9450000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 2757 151
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Carbofuran: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 0.1 mg/m3 TWA (Inhalable Fraction) (Vapor and Aerosol); Appendix A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen; BEI
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 0.1 mg/m3 TWA
Health Factors
Potential symptoms: Miosis, blurred vision, tearing; excessive respiratory secretions; salivation; sweating; abdominal cramps, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; light-headedness; lassitude (weakness, exhaustion); chest tightness, epigastric pain, labored breathing; cyanosis; muscle twitching; incoordination; convulsions; unconsciousness; respiratory failure; skin irritation; possible effects on the immune system.
Health Effect: Cholinesterase inhibition (HE6)
Affected organs: CNS, peripheral nervous system, blood cholinesterase
Notes: 1) OSHA has not established a PEL for carbofuran. 2) Although acute occupational intoxications by carbofuran have been reported, only one case of delayed neuropathy (following an attempted suicide) has been reported. 3) Carbofuran effects on the immune system, such as suppression of T-cell-mediated immune responses, were observed in studies with mice.
Date Last Revised: 05/21/2004
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Carbofuran.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Carbofuran.
- FMC Corporation: FuradanŽ 4 F Insecticide/Nematicide. Material Safety Data Sheet. April 2003.
- Huang, J., Zhang, S., Ding, M., Zhou, A., Zhang, J., Zhang, J.: Acute effects of carbofuran in workers of two pesticide plants. Med. Lav. 89(Suppl. 2): S105-111, 1998.
- Jeon, S.D., Lim, J.S. and Moon, C.K.: Carbofuran suppresses T-cell-mediated immune responses by the suppression of T-cell responsiveness, the differential inhibition of cytokine production, and NO production in macrophages. Toxicol. Lett. 119(2): 143-155, 2001.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Carbofuran. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 486-488.
- Yang, P.Y., Tsao, T.C., Lin, J.L., Lyu, R.K. and Chiang, P.C.: Carbofuran-induced delayed neuropathy. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 38(1): 43-46, 2000.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: OSHA Versatile Sampler (OVS-2) - 13 mm XAD-2 tube (270/140 mg sections, 20/60 mesh) with Glass Fiber Filter enclosed
analytical solvent: Acetonitrile
maximum volume: 480 Liters maximum flow rate: 1.0 L/min
current analytical method: High Performance Liquid Chromatography; HPLC/UV
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA PV2127)
method classification: Partially Validated
Wipe sampling: Yes, with Whatman 41 filter paper.
Bulk method: Limit the amount of bulk submitted to one gram or one mL.
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