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Safety and Health Topics: |
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| Cyanogen |
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General Description
Synonyms: Carbon Nitride; Ethanedinitrile; Nitriloacetonitrile; Oxalonitrile; Oxalic Acid Dinitrile; Dicyan
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 0800
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 460-19-5
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: GT1925000
Department of Transportation Regulation Number (49 CFR 172.101) and Guide: 1026 119
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Cyanogen: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 10 ppm TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 10 ppm TWA
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 10 ppm, 21 mg/m3 TWA
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 10 ppm, 20 mg/m3 TWA
Health Factors
Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, nose, upper respiratory system; lacrimation; cherry red lips, sore throat; shortness of breath, tachypnea, hyperpnea; bradycardia; headache; dizziness; unconsciousness; convulsions; palpitation, weak pulse; loss of appetite, vomiting; weight loss; enlargement of thyroid gland; frostbite (on contact with liquid); asphyxia and death can occur.
Health Effects: : Irritation-Eyes, Skin, Nose, Throat---Marked (HE14); Acute Toxicity (HE4).
Affected organs: Eyes, respiratory system, CNS, cardiovascular system
Notes: 1) Odor may not be detectable in concentrations as high as 250 ppm, but eye and nose irritation occur at 16 (but not 8) ppm. 2) Hydrolyzes in the body to hydrogen cyanide and cyanate, so toxic effects are thought to be comparable to hydrogen cyanide. Neurological sequelae in survivors of acute cyanide poisoning include parkinsonism and dystonia.
Date Last Revised: 02/06/2004
Literature Basis:
- EPA Air Toxics Website: Cyanide Compounds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Cyanogen.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Cyanogen.
- Albin, R.L.: Basal ganglia neurotoxins. Neurol. Clin. 18(3): 665-680, 2000.
- Lewis, T.R., Anger, W.K. and Te Vault, R.K.: Toxicity and evaluation of sub-chronic exposures to cyanogen in monkeys and rats. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 5(4-5):151-163, 1984.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Cyanogen. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 702-704.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Coated XAD-2 Tube (150/75 mg sections, 20/60 mesh); Coating is 10% (w/w) 2-(Hydroxymethyl)piperidine.
analytical solvent: Toluene
maximum volume: 12 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min
current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/NPD
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA PV2104)
method classification: Partially Validated
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