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Safety and Health Topics: |
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| Iodine |
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General Description
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1515
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 7553-56-2
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: NN1575000
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Iodine: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 0.1 ppm, 1 mg/m3 Ceiling
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 0.1 ppm, 1 mg/m3 Ceiling
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 0.1 ppm, 1 mg/m3 Ceiling
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 0.1 ppm, 1 mg/m3 Ceiling
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 0.1 ppm, 1 mg/m3 Ceiling
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 2 ppm
Potential symptoms: Eye, skin, nose, throat irritation; lacrimation; headache; cough, sore throat, tight chest, pulmonary edema (may be delayed); skin, eye pain, stains, and burns; blurred vision; rash, cutaneous hypersensitivity, joint swelling and pain; deficiency of thyroid hormones; iodism; INGES ACUTE: (small doses) Salivation, excessive tearing, swelling of eyelids and salivary glands; metallic taste; fever, enlarged lymph glands; (larger doses) burning sensation in throat; abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhea; shock or collapse.
Health Effects: Irritation-Eye, Nose, Throat, Skin---Marked (HE14); Lung edema (HE11)
Affected organs: Respiratory system, eyes, skin, CNS, cardiovascular system
Notes: 1) Iodine is an effective drinking water disinfectant for temporary residents of areas where municipal water treatment is not available or not reliable, but goiter has been reported in Peace Corps workers using this method in Africa. 2) Iodine-induced goiter may occur in patients using the iodine-containing drug amiodarone. Patients taking lithium or those with a history of treatment with interferon-a may also be at increased risk for iodine-induced hypothyroidism.
Date Last Revised: 06/10/2004
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Iodine.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Iodine.
- Backer, H. and Hallowell, J.: Use of iodine for water disinfection: iodine toxicity and maximum recommended dose. Environ. Health Perspect. 108(8): 679-684, 2000.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Iodine. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1305-1306.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Carbon Bead Tube impregnated with Alkali Metal Hydroxide (SKC No. 226-80 or equivalent)
maximum volume: 7.5 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.5 L/min (Ceiling)
minimum time: Minutes maximum flow rate:
current analytical method: Ion Chromatography/Pulsed Electrochemical Detector; IC/PED
current method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA ID-212)
current method classification: Fully Validated
alternative analytical method: Ion Specific Electrode; ISE
alternative method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA ID-212)
alternative method classification: Fully Validated
note: Humidity at the sampling site needs to be assessed prior to the actual sampling. If it is anticipated to be greater then 50%, please contact SLTC for further instructions. Submit as separate sample. When the analysis of this compound is requested, analysis for Iodide is performed and reported as Iodine.
On-Site Sampling Techniques/Methods:
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device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: Gastec
model/type: 9L
sampling information: 1 to 2 strokes
upper measurement limit: 12 ppm
detection limit: 0.04 ppm
overall uncertainty: 16% for 0.2 to 1.2 ppm, 8% for 1.2 to 12 ppm
method reference: on-site air secondary (manufacturer)
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device: Detector Tube
manufacturer: Gastec
model/type: 80
sampling information: 1 to 4 strokes
upper measurement limit: 48 ppm
detection limit: approximately 0.3 ppm
overall uncertainty: 16%
method reference: on-site air secondary (manufacturer)
Wipe sampling: OSHA personnel should contact SLTC for media.
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