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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Ozone |
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General Description
Synonyms: Triatomic oxygen
OSHA IMIS Code Number: 1980
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 10028-15-6
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: RS8225000
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, Ozone: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 0.1 ppm, 0.2 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 0.1 ppm, 0.2 mg/m3 TWA
OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 0.1 ppm, 0.2 mg/m3 TWA
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): Heavy Work - 0.05 ppm TWA; Moderate Work - 0.08 ppm TWA; Light Work - 0.10 ppm TWA; Heavy, Moderate, or light workloads (≤ 2 hrs) - 0.20 TWA; Appendix A4 - Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 0.1 ppm, 0.2 mg/m3 Ceiling
Health Factors
NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 5 ppm
Potential symptoms: Eye, mucous membrane irritation; headache, fatigue, dizziness, drowsiness; anorexia, nausea, vomiting; cough, sore throat; shortness of breath, pulmonary edema; chronic respiratory disease; conjunctivitis; eye, skin burns; frostbite (on contact with liquid); rapid heart rate (tachycardia), low blood pressure (hypotension).
Health Effects: Irritation-Eyes, Nose, Throat, Skin---Marked (HE14); Lung edema (HE11), Cumulative lung damage (HE10), Respiratory sensitization (HE9).
Affected organs: Eyes, respiratory system
Notes:
- Generally recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration for use as an antimicrobial agent in bottled water at a maximum residual concentration of 0.4 mg/liter (21 CFR 184.1563); use in treatment, storage, and processing of other foods is also regulated by 21 CFR 173.368.
- Ozone can increase sensitivity to bronchoconstrictors and allergens, and may facilitate the development of asthma.
- One proposed mechanism for ozone-induced lung cell damage is the stimulation of lipid peroxidation, which produces aldehydes like 4-hydroxynonenal that can form adducts with cysteine, lysine, and histidine in lung proteins.
Date Last Revised: 07/08/2004
Literature Basis:
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Ozone.
- International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): Ozone.
- Anderson, W., Prescott, G.J., Packham, S., Mullins, J., Brookes, M. and Seaton, A.: Asthma admissions and thunderstorms: a study of pollen, fungal spores, rainfall, and ozone. QJM 94(8): 429-433, 2001.
- Hamilton, R.F., Jr., Li, L., Eschenbacher, W.L., Szweda, L. and Holian, A.: Potential involvement of 4-hydroxynonenal in the response of human lung cells to ozone. Am. J. Physiol. 274(1 Pt. 1): L8-16, 1998.
- Olin, A.C., Andersson, E., Andersson, M., Granung, G., Hagberg, S. and Toren, K.: Prevalence of asthma and exhaled nitric oxide are increased in bleachery workers exposed to ozone. Eur. Respir. J. 23(1): 87-92, 2004.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Ozone. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1774-1776.
- Williams, L.K., Langley, R. and Howell, R.J.: Ozone. The good, the bad, and the ugly. N C Med. J. 61(2): 84-89, 2000.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Two Impregnated Glass Fiber Filters (37mm polystyrene cassette) coated with a solution containing NaNO2, K2CO3 and Glycerol in water
maximum volume: 90 Liters maximum flow rate: 0.5 L/min
maximum time: 180 Minutes
current analytical method: Ion Chromatography; IC
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 214)
method classification: Fully Validated
notes:
- If the expected ozone concentration exceeds 0.2 ppm, the recommended maximum sampling rate is 0.25 L/min and the recommended maximum sampling time is 180 min.
- Short-term exposures can be monitored with a 15-min sample at maximum flow rate of 1.5 L/min.
- Four-hour (480 min) samples can be collected at a maximum flow rate of 0.25 L/min.
- OSHA personnel can request the sampling medium from SLTC.
- The sampling medium must be used within 30 days of preparation.
- Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a sampling interference, and oxidizer tubes must be used if SO2 is suspected to be present.
- The sampling medium is shipped from SLTC in cassettes and each cassette is individually sealed in an aluminumized plastic bag to prevent contamination. Each exposed sampler must be returned for analysis also sealed in an aluminumized plastic bag.
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