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1,1,2-Trichloroethane Chemical Sampling Information
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
General Description
    Synonyms: Vinyl trichloride; beta-Trichloroethane

    OSHA IMIS Code Number: 2495

    Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 79-00-5

    NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: KJ3150000

    NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, 1,1,2-Trichloroethane: chemical description, physical properties, potentially hazardous incompatibilities, and more
Exposure Limits
    OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for General Industry: 29 CFR 1910.1000 Z-1 Table -- 10 ppm, 45 mg/m3 TWA; Skin

    OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Construction Industry: 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A -- 10 ppm, 45 mg/m3 TWA; Skin

    OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Maritime: 29 CFR 1915.1000 Table Z-Shipyards -- 10 ppm, 45 mg/m3 TWA; Skin

    American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 10 ppm, 55 mg/m3 TWA; Skin; Appendix A3 - Confirmed Animal Carcinogen with Unknown Relevance to Humans

    National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Recommended Exposure Limit (REL): 10 ppm, 45 mg/m3 TWA; Skin; Appendix A - NIOSH Potential Occupational Carcinogens; Appendix C - Supplementary Exposure Limits (Chloroethanes)
Health Factors
    International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) carcinogenic classification: Group 3, Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

    Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) carcinogenic classification: Group C, Possible human carcinogen

    NIOSH Immediately Dangerous To Life or Health Concentration (IDLH): 100 ppm

    Potential symptoms: Irritation of eyes, nose; dermatitis; CNS depression, dizziness, drowsiness, unconsciousness; headache, nausea; shortness of breath; liver, kidney damage; [potential occupational carcinogen]

    Health Effects: Cumulative liver damage (HE3); Narcosis (HE8)

    Affected organs: Eyes, respiratory system, CNS, liver, kidneys

    Notes:
    1. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane is absorbed through the skin. The percutaneous LD-25 in guinea pigs was 0.25 milliliter, and the LD-100 was 0.5 milliliter.
    2. The major urinary metabolites of 1,1,2-trichloroethane in rodents are S-carboxy-methylcysteine (free and conjugated), chloroacetic acid, and thiodiacetic acid. Another metabolite, carbon dioxide, is eliminated in expired air, along with unchanged 1,1,2-trichloroethane.
    3. A single dose of radiolabeled 1,1,2-trichloroethane in rodents caused covalent labeling of DNA, RNA and protein in the organs tested (liver, kidney, lung, stomach), indicating the formation of reactive metabolites.
    4. EPA's oral reference dose (daily oral exposure likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime) for 1,1,2-trichloroethane is 0.004 mg/kg/day.

    Date Last Revised: 11/04/2005

    Literature Basis:
    • NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane.
    • International Chemical Safety Cards (WHO/IPCS/ILO): 1,1,2-Trichloroethane.
    • EPA Air Toxics Website: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technology Transfer Network.
    • Mazzullo, M., Colacci, A., Grilli, S., Prodi, G. and Arfellini, G.: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane: evidence of genotoxicity from short-term tests. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 77(6): 532-539, 1986.
    • Mitoma, C., Steeger, T., Jackson, S.E., Wheeler, K.P., Rogers, J.H. and Milman, H.A.: Metabolic disposition study of chlorinated hydrocarbons in rats and mice. Drug Chem. Toxicol. 8(3): 183-194, 1985.
    • No authors listed: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinog. Risks Hum. 52: 337-359, 1991.
    • Pohanish, R.P. (editor): 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 2248-2250.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
    Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:

    • sampling media: Charcoal Tube (100/50 mg sections, 20/40 mesh)
      analytical solvent: Carbon Disulfide
      alternate solvent: (99:1) Carbon Disulfide:Dimethylformamide
      maximum volume: 10 Liters   maximum flow rate: 0.2 L/min
      current analytical method: Gas Chromatography; GC/FID
      method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA 11)
      method classification: Fully Validated

    Wipe Sampling Method:

    • sampling media: Charcoal pad
      note: Seal in glass vial for shipment.
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  1,1,2-Trichloroethane
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Page last updated: 09/05/2006
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