DIOXANE (DIETHYLENE DIOXIDE) (1,4-DIOXANE) | OSHA.gov | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

DIOXANE (DIETHYLENE DIOXIDE) (1,4-DIOXANE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	123-91-1
Formula	C₄H₈O₂
Synonyms	diethylene ether; dioxan; p-dioxane; 1,4-diethyleneoxide

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid or solid (below 53°F) with a mild, ether-like odor.
Boiling point	214°F	Molecular weight	88.1
Freezing point/melting point	53°F	Vapor pressure	29 mmHg
Flash point	55°F	Vapor density	3.03
Specific gravity	1.03	Ionization potential	9.13 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	2%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	22%
NFPA health rating	2	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	1	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	1010
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	0.5-15 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1602 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	100 ppm (360 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA	20 ppm [1996]	PEL-TWA	0.28 ppm (1 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C	1 ppm (3.6 mg/m³) [30 minutes]	TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION. See Appendix A		Notes:		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	500 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2B, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A3, EPA-L		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Dioxane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Dioxane

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - 1,4-Dioxane. See annual publication for most recent information.
California Department of Health Services-Drinking Water Program: Information for Public Drinking Water Systems.
Nannelli, A., De Rubertis, A., Longo, V. and Gervasi, P.G.: Effects of dioxane on cytochrome P450 enzymes in liver, kidney, lung and nasal mucosa of rat. Arch. Toxicol. 79(2): 74-82, 2005.
No Author: 1,4-Dioxane. Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Dioxane. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 965-967.
Stickney, J.A., et al.: An updated evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of 1,4-dioxane. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 38(2): 183-195, 2003.

Last Updated Date : 12/28/2020

DIOXANE (DIETHYLENE DIOXIDE) (1,4-DIOXANE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References