EPICHLOROHYDRIN (1-CHLORO-2,3-EPOXYPROPANE) | Occupational Safety and Health Administration

EPICHLOROHYDRIN (1-CHLORO-2,3-EPOXYPROPANE)†

Chemical Identification
CAS #	106-89-8
Formula	C₃H₅ClO
Synonyms	2-chloropropylene oxide; β-chloropropylene oxide; 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless liquid with a slightly irritating, chloroform-like odor.
Boiling point	242°F	Molecular weight	92.5
Freezing point/melting point	-54°F	Vapor pressure	13 mmHg
Flash point	93°F	Vapor density	3.29
Specific gravity	1.18	Ionization potential	10.60 eV
Lower explosive limit (LEL)	3.8%	Upper explosive limit (UEL)	21%
NFPA health rating	4	NFPA fire rating	3
NFPA reactivity rating	2	NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	0645
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	CSC tube (100/50 mg) [SKC 226-01]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	2-30 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	0.01-0.2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	GC-FID
Method reference	NIOSH 1010 (fully validated)
Notes
Special requirements

^* All sampling instructions above are recommended guidelines for OSHA Compliance Safety and Health Officers (CSHOs), please see the corresponding OSHA method reference for complete details.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media	Wipe with charcoal pad, seal in glass vial for shipment. [3M 3500]
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA	5 ppm (19 mg/m³)	REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA	0.05 ppm (0.19 mg/m³)
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	N	Skin notation	Y	Skin notation	Y
Notes: See 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1.		Notes: CARCINOGEN (Ca): REDUCE EXPOSURE TO LOWEST FEASIBLE CONCENTRATION (LOQ 2.5 mg/m3). See Appendix A.		Notes: Visit the ACGIH TLV site for specific data		Notes:
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH	75 ppm
Carcinogenic classifications: IARC-2A, NIOSH-Ca, NTP-R, TLV-A3, EPA-B2		Notes: Ca
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3: 5 ppm/20 ppm/100 ppm

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - 1-Chloro-2,3-epoxypropane

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Epichlorohydrin

Literature References

ACGIH: Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) - Epichlorohydrin. See annual publication for most recent information.
U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Epichlorohydrin (CASRN 106-89-8).
De Rooij, B.M., Commandeur, J.N., Ramcharan, J.R., Schuilenburg, H.C., Van Baar, B.L. and Vermeulen, N.P.: Identification and quantitative determination of 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylmercapturic acid and ⍺-chlorohydrin in urine of rats treated with epichlorohydrin. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Appl. 685(2): 241-250, 1996.
Hindsø Landin, H., Grummt, T. Laurent, C. and Tates, A.: Monitoring of occupational exposure to epichlorohydrin by genetic effects and hemoglobin adducts. Mutat. Res. 381(2): 217-226, 1997.
Luo, J.-C., Cheng, T.-J., Kuo, H.-W. and Chang, M.J.W.: Decreased lung function associated with occupational exposure to epichlorohydrin and the modification effects of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 46(3): 280-286, 2004.
Mazzullo, M., Colacci, A., Grilli, S., Prodi, G. and Arfellini, G.: In vivo and in vitro binding of epichlorohydrin to nucleic acids. Cancer Lett. 23(1): 81-90, 1984.
No Author: Epichlorohydrin. Report on Carcinogens (latest edition); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Epichlorohydrin. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1015-1017.

Last Updated Date : 05/01/2024

EPICHLOROHYDRIN (1-CHLORO-2,3-EPOXYPROPANE)†

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References