PYRENE

Chemical Identification
CAS #	129-00-0
Formula	C₁₆H₁₀
Synonyms	benzo(d,e,f)phenanthrene

Physical Properties
Physical description	Colorless solid, solid and solutions have a slight blue fluorescence.
Boiling point	759°F	Molecular weight	202.26
Freezing point/melting point	313°F	Vapor pressure	depends upon the specific compound
Flash point		Vapor density
Specific gravity	1.27 at 73.4°F	Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL)		Upper explosive limit (UEL)
NFPA health rating		NFPA fire rating
NFPA reactivity rating		NFPA special instruction
Vapor hazard ratio (VHR)
Historical exceedance percentage
Target organs

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA
Analyte code (IMIS no.)	2217
Sampling group
Sampler/Sampling media	Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles (CTPV) Sampling Filters and Cassette [SLTC109]
Sampling time^*	480 min
Sampling volume (TWA)^*	960 L
Sampling flow rate (TWA)^*	2 L/min
Sampling volume (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Sampling flow rate (STEL/Peak/C)^*
Analytical method instruments	HPLC
Method reference	OSHA 58 (fully validated in conjuction with Coal Tar Pitch Volatiles and Coke Oven Emissions)
Notes	OSHA personnel can obtain pre-cleaned filters, vials, and Teflon-lined caps from SLTC. After sampling, filter must be transferred to a glass vial with a PTFE-lined cap. Sample must be protected from direct sunlight.
Special requirements	These media are prepared by SLTC as needed and are not available for immediate shipment. Please allow time for SLTC to prepare these media prior to sampling.

Bulk/Wipe Method
Wipe Sampler/Sampling media
Bulk Method

On-Site Screening Techniques
Device
Model/Type
Sampling information (see manufacturer instructions)

**Exposure Limits**
OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak		NIOSH REL Up to 10-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		ACGIH TLV© 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling		CAL/OSHA PEL 8-hour TWA (ST) STEL (C) Ceiling Peak
PEL-TWA		REL-TWA		TLV-TWA		PEL-TWA
PEL-STEL		REL-STEL		TLV-STEL		PEL-STEL
PEL-C		REL-C		TLV-C		PEL-C
Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA	Skin notation	NA
Notes: Not established. Pyrene is a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon that OSHA has identified as one of a number of typical components of the benzene-soluble fraction of coal tar pitch volatiles. Other components include anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene, acridine, and chrysene. Pyrene is characteristic of cold tar pitch volatiles (PEL is 0.2 mg/m³) and/or coke oven emissions (PEL is 0.15 mg/m³).		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established		Notes: Not established
Health factors: See NIH-NLM PubChem.		IDLH
Carcinogenic classifications:		Notes:
AIHA emergency response planning guidelines - ERPG-1/ERPG-2/ERPG-3:

Additional Resources and Literature References

NOAA: CAMEO Chemicals - Pyrene

NIOSH: Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Pyrene

Literature References

NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) Identification Number: UR2450000
U.S. EPA Integrated Risk Information System: Pyrene (CASRN 129-00-0).
Campo, L., et al.: Biological monitoring of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by determination of unmetabolized compounds in urine. Toxicol. Lett. (Epub Oct. 20), 2005.
Huang, W., et al.: Comparison of 1-hydroxypyrene exposure in the US population with that in occupational exposure studies. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 77(7): 491-498, 2004.
Kim, Y.-D., et al.: Identification of cytochrome P450 isoforms involved in 1-hydroxylation of pyrene. Environ. Res. 94(3): 262-266, 2004.
Lai, C.-H., et al.: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide as a biomarker of exposure to various vehicle exhausts among highway toll-station workers in Taipei, Taiwan. Arch. Environ. Health 59(2): 61-69, 2004.
McClean, M.D., et al.: Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure among asphalt paving workers. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 48(6): 565-578, 2004.
Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Pyrene. In, Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 2. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1985-1986.
Ruzgyte, A., Bouchard, M. and Viau, C.: Development of a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of pyrene-1,6- and 1,8-dione in animal and human urine. J. Anal. Toxicol. 29(6): 533-538, 2005.
Siwińska, E., Mielżyńska, D. and Kapka, L.: Association between urinary 1-hydroxypyrene and genotoxic effects in coke oven workers. Occup. Environ. Med. 61(3): e10 (7 pp.).

Chemical Identification

Physical Properties

Monitoring Methods Used by OSHA

Bulk/Wipe Method

On-Site Screening Techniques

Exposure Limits

Additional Resources and Literature References