Bulletin No. 116. Guidelines for Avoiding Component Failure in Industrial Refrigeration Systems Caused by Abnormal Pressure or Shock. IIAR Ammonia Refrigeration Library, (1992, October). Identifies three significant factors that can lead to ammonia refrigeration system damage and personnel injury: trapped liquid, sudden liquid deceleration, and vapor propelled liquid. Also explains the most likely causes for each of these problems and provides design, operation and servicing tips that can minimize the chances of them occurring. Offers numerous suggestions on making hot gas defrost operations safer and more effective.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

• 1.0, Introduction
• 2.0, Scope
• 3.0, Definitions
  • 3.1, Trapped Liquid
  • 3.2, Sudden Liquid Deceleration
  • 3.3, Vapor Propelled Liquid
• 4.0, Trapped Liquid
  • 4.1, Causes
  • 4.2, Preventative Measures
• 5.0, Sudden Liquid Deceleration
  • 5.1, Causes
  • 5.2, Preventative Measures
• 6.0, Vapor Propelled Liquid
  • 6.1, Causes
  • 6.2, Preventative Measure
    • 6.2.1, Liquid in Hot Gas Lines
    • 6.2.2, Initiation of Hot Gas Defrost
    • 6.2.3, Termination of Hot Gas Defrost
    • 6.2.4, Light and No-Load Conditions
• 7.0, Normal or Not Normal?