Additional Resources

General Resources

• OSHA Technical Manual. OSHA Directive TED 01-00-015 [TED 1-0.15A], (February 11, 2014).
  • Physical Agents. Contains general exposure and health effect information for ionizing radiation sources in health care facilities.
  • Technical Equipment: On-site Measurements includes Ionizing Radiation Monitors and Meters. Contains sampling, measurement methods, and instrument information for ionizing radiation.
  • Hospital Investigations: Health Hazards. Describes investigation methods for health and safety hazards in health care facilities, including X-Ray sources.
• Radiation Protection. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
  • Radiation Health Effects.
  • Ionizing Radiation Fact Book. Contains a general description of ionizing radiation types, sources, and health effects.
  • Radiation Protection Basics. Provides information on the different forms of radiation and their different properties and effects.
• Health Effects of Radiation. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
  • Health Effects of Radiation: Health Effects Depend on the Dose. Provides information on how radiation dose influences health effects.
  • Radionuclides (radioactive materials). Provides links to information about the toxicity of selected radionuclides.
• Ionizing Radiation Presentations. OSHA.
  • Introduction to Ionizing Radiation. Updated PowerPoint presentation of an original lecture outline linked below.
  • Introduction to Ionizing Radiation. Original lecture outline.
• American Industrial Hygiene Association. Serves the needs of occupational and environmental health professionals who practice industrial hygiene. The association has two standing committees on radiation.
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Occupational Radiation Protection, General Safety Guide No. GSG-7.
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Implications for Occupational Radiation Protection of the New Dose Limit for the Lens of the Eye, IAEA TECDOC No. 1731.

Medicine

• Radiation-Emitting Products. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides information about medical devices that emit ionizing radiation and how to use those devices safely in medical settings. Includes information on the FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) radiation safety programs.
• The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and the American College of Radiology (ACR) publish practice parameters and technical standards that cover medical physics for a wide range of medical imaging and radiotherapy procedures.
  • ACR-AAPM Radiation Safety Officer Resources provides information to assist a radiologist in understanding and performing Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) duties for unsealed radiopharmaceuticals and diagnostic X-ray machines.
• The American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) provides standards, including radiation safety, for an accreditation program for radiation therapy practices for treating cancer.
• National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Report No. 151: Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Megavoltage X- and Gamma-Ray Radiotherapy Facilities.
• National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Report No. 147: Structural Shielding Design for Medical X-ray Imaging Facilities.
• National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Report No. 133: Radiation Protection for Procedures Performed Outside the Radiology Department.
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Information System on Occupational Exposure in Medicine, Industry, and Research (ISEMIR). An IAEA web-based information system that aims to optimize occupational radiation protection.

Fluoroscopy

• Occupational Radiation Protection in Interventional Radiology: A Joint Guideline of the Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe and the Society of Interventional Radiology. Provides guidance for protecting workers from radiation during interventional radiology.
• International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Publication 85: Avoidance of Radiation Injuries from Medical Interventional Procedures.
• National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Report No. 168: Radiation Dose Management for Fluoroscopically-Guided Interventional Medical Procedures.
• Federal Guidance Report No. 14 Radiation Protection Guidance for Diagnostic and Interventional X-Ray Procedures. Provides federal facilities that use diagnostic and interventional X-ray equipment with recommendations for keeping patient doses as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA); also includes recommendations for worker safety.
• Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions (SCAI). Radiation Safety Program for the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory.
• Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions (SCAI). Consensus Document on Occupational Radiation Exposure to the Pregnant Cardiologist and Technical Personnel. Reviews current scientific data about risk to the fetus from occupational radiation exposure and recommends measures that pregnant physicians, technicians, and nurses should take to reduce radiation exposure.
• International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). 2011 Statement on Tissue Reactions. Includes recommendations for dose limits for tissues and organs, such as the lens of the eye.

Dental and Veterinary

• National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Report No. 145: Radiation Protection in Dentistry.
• National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Report No. 148: Radiation Protection in Veterinary Medicine.

Particle Accelerators

• Special Purpose Particle Accelerators (SHIB 07-31-2009). OSHA. Provides information on radiation exposure hazards and the safe operation of these accelerators.
• National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Report No. 144: Radiation Protection for Particle Accelerator Facilities. Provides information on ionizing radiation controls including use of interlocks, shielding, administrative controls, warning systems, and appropriate PPE.

Industrial Radiography

• National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, Committee on Radiation Source Use and Replacement. Radiation Source Use and Replacement: Abbreviated Version, Chapter: 8 Industrial Radiography.
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Radiation Safety in Industrial Radiography, Specific Safety Guide SSG-11 (2011). Provides recommendations for ensuring radiation safety in industrial radiography used in non-destructive testing. This includes industrial radiography work that utilizes X-ray and gamma sources, both in shielded facilities that have effective engineering controls and outside shielded facilities using mobile sources.
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Information System on Occupational Exposure in Medicine, Industry, and Research (ISEMIR). An IAEA web-based information system that aims to optimize occupational radiation protection.

Security Screening

• American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Accredited Standards Committee N43, Equipment for Non-Medical Radiation Applications, administered by the Health Physics Society (HPS). ANSI/HPS N43.17-2009 Radiation Safety for Personnel Security Screening Systems Using X-Ray or Gamma Radiation. Provides information on dose limits for operators and other workers, safety features, and operational procedures.
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Evaluation of Radiation Exposure to TSA Baggage Screeners. Health Hazard Evaluation Summary Report HETA-2003-0206-3067 (September 2008).

Radon

• U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Radon: Worker and Employer Guide to Hazards and Recommended Controls. Provides information about radon remediation work and other work in areas with elevated radon levels.
• National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Report No. 97: Measurement of Radon and Radon Daughters in Air. Describes updated measurement techniques appropriate for assessing radon in both occupational and environmental situations.

ANSI/HPS Standards (available for purchase)

• See the Health Physics Society (HPS) Development of American National Standards page for a listing of current ANSI/HPS standards.