Methylene Chloride Facts No. 4
Suggested Work Practices for Furniture Refinishers

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

On January 10, 1997, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) issued a standard that lowered the limit on worker exposures to methylene chloride (MC). This new standard greatly reduces the chance of developing health problems from working in facilities that use MC.

Worker exposures to MC occur mainly through breathing its vapors. MC can also pass through workers' skin if it gets on their body or clothes. Occasionally, workers can swallow small amounts of MC if they don't wash their face and hands before eating, or if they eat in contaminated work areas. Short-term exposure to high levels of MC can cause dizziness, headaches, a lack of coordination, and irritation of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and respiratory system. Long-term exposure causes cancer in laboratory animals. Studies in workers suggest an association between MC exposures and certain types of cancer. OSHA considers MC to be a potential occupational carcinogen. Exposure to MC may also make the symptoms of heart disease (e.g., chest pains, angina) worse.

Many furniture refinishing establishments use products that contain MC. In these facilities, improving work practices and housekeeping procedures can greatly reduce exposure to MC. The following suggested practices may help you reduce your workplace exposures.

Keep MC Vapors Contained

  • Keep the door to mixing/storage areas closed at all times.
  • Store and transport MC only in approved safety containers.
  • Properly label all MC containers to indicate their contents, hazards, and proper use, storage and disposal. Read these labels and follow the directions.
  • Keep solution containers closed tightly when not in use.
  • Avoid unnecessary transfer or movement of stripping solutions.
  • Keep dip tanks and reservoir tanks covered when not in use.
  • Keep the stripping solution at the appropriate temperature (often around 70F). At this temperature, wax in the solution will form a vapor barrier that prevents the solution from evaporating too quickly. If the temperature is too high or too low, the wax will not form a vapor barrier.
  • Do not let sludge dry on the stripping table. Place the wet sludge in sealed containers for later recovery or disposal, or dry it using proper engineering controls (e.g., local exhaust ventilation) to capture the MC vapors.

Avoid Breathing MC Vapors

  • Turn on the dip tank or stripping table ventilation system at least an hour before work begins or leave it on overnight.
  • Avoid breathing air directly above the stripping solution and dip tank. Do not lean over the tank when working.
  • Avoid breathing the air directly above the furniture during manual stripping. Do not lean over an area covered with stripper.
  • Do not work or stand between solution-covered furniture and the exhaust system.
  • Turn the solution-recycling system off when it is not being used.
  • Do not rely on the odor of MC to warn you of over-exposure. People cannot smell MC until vapor concentrations are above 300 ppm, which is 12 times higher than the 8-hour time-weighted average permissible exposure limit of 25 ppm. Also, your sense of smell can quickly get used to the odor of MC so that you stop noticing it.
  • If you become dizzy, light-headed, or have other symptoms of MC exposure, go immediately to an area with fresh air.

Avoid Direct Skin Contact with MC

  • Wear two pairs of gloves when using stripping solution. The inner glove should be made of polyethylene (PE)/ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), PE, or laminate to prevent MC penetration. The outer glove should be made of nitrile or neoprene to protect against puncture or rips. [Note: Because MC can readily penetrate nitrile and neoprene, wearing just the outer glove will not protect your skin from MC exposure.]
    • Wear shoulder length gloves, or the longest gloves possible.
    • Before use, inspect gloves for pin-holes, cracks, thin spots, softening, swelling, and stiff or sticky surfaces.
    • Change gloves frequently, before breakthrough occurs.
    • Rotate several pairs of gloves throughout the day.
    • Let gloves dry in a warm, well-ventilated area at least overnight before reuse.
  • Wear rubber aprons and boots or shoe covers to prevent MC from getting on your clothes which results in prolonged skin contact with MC.
  • Wear a face shield or goggles to protect your face and eyes.
  • Use the washing facilities in your work area to wash off any MC from your hands and face.
  • Use lots of soap or mild detergent and water to clean grease, oil, dirt, or anything else off your skin. Do not use MC or other organic solvents to clean your skin.

Minimize the Chance of Spills and Leaks

  • Develop and follow your facility's procedures for detecting MC leaks from process equipment, holding tanks, and spill control devices.
  • Frequently inspect process equipment, holding tanks, and spill control devices for cracks, loose parts, and other possible sources of leaks.
  • Where spills occur, follow procedures for containing them.
  • Clean up all spills and leaks as quickly as possible.
  • Place rags, waste, paper towels, or absorbent used to clean spills in a closed container (preferably a non-aluminum, all-metal safety container) immediately after use.
  • Make sure that leaks are repaired and spills cleaned up by employees who are trained in proper cleanup methods. These employees should wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).

Take Extra Precautions in Low and Confined Spaces

MC vapors are heavier than air, so they tend to move to low, unventilated spaces such as tanks and maintenance pits.

  • Do not enter or lean into a storage tank, dip tank, or low-lying confined area until it has been completely aired out and tested. Wear proper PPE and follow the appropriate confined space entry procedures outlined in OSHA's Permit Required Confined Spaces standard (29 CFR 1910.146).
  • Use a long-handled tool to pick up items that you drop into a confined space or low-lying area.

Take Personal Precautions

  • After working with MC, always wash your face and hands before eating.
  • Never eat in the work area or your food and drink could become contaminated with MC.
  • Avoid drinking alcohol before or after being exposed to MC. Alcohol can lower the amount of MC needed to cause health problems.
  • Be alert when working with MC. Avoid situations that might result in overexposure.
  • If your clothes become soaked with MC, remove them and take a shower. Do not put your clothes back on until they are thoroughly clean and dry.

Respirators

If engineering controls and work practices do not reduce MC exposures to an acceptable level, workers must wear supplied-air respirators. Respirators are the least preferred method of controlling employee exposures. Supplied-air respirators must have a clean air supply through the use of compressed air tanks containing air meeting at least the requirements for Grade D breathing air, or a breathing air type compressor with the air intake located in an area with a clean air supply.

CAUTION: Filter cartridge respirators cannot be used because MC can pass through available cartridges leaving respirator wearers unprotected.

Additional Resources

Visit the On-Site Consultation Program page for information on how to request a free, confidential visit from a consultant to help identify ways to improve safety and health at your workplace.